Welcome Overview: What is Mesopotamia? Well, Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers. It is between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The two rivers provided water to flourish the land, Which explains why Mesopotamia was able to grow and produce crops. And they provided protection as well as trade routes. It was located in South West Asia where modern day Iraq is. It was one of the world's first cities. Mesopotamia started in the year 5,300 B.C.E and unfortunately lost power in the year 500 B.C.E. Mesopotamia was were most of the widely used inventions were invented or created. The people there were the first to use the writing system and the first to farm.